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CHEK2 genomic and proteomic analyses reveal genetic inactivation or endogenous activation across the 60 cell lines of the US National Cancer Institute.
Zoppoli G, Solier S, Reinhold WC, Liu H, Connelly JW Jr, Monks A, Shoemaker RH, Abaan OD, Davis SR, Meltzer PS, Doroshow JH, Pommier Y.
Oncogene. (2011) 30, 403–418; doi:10.1038/onc.2011.283; published online 18 July 2011.
Abstract:
CHEK2 encodes a serine/threonine kinase (Chk2) activated by ATM in response to DNA double-strand breaks.
On the one hand, CHEK2 has been described as a tumor suppressor with proapoptotic, cell-cycle checkpoint and mitotic functions.
On the other hand, Chk2 is also commonly activated (phosphorylated at T68) in cancers and precancerous lesions. Here, we report an extensive
characterization of CHEK2 across the panel of 60 established cancer cell lines from the NCI Anticancer Screen (the NCI-60) using genomic and
proteomic analyses, including exon-specific mRNA expression, DNA copy-number variation (CNV) by aCGH, exome sequencing, as well as
western blot analyses for total and activated (pT68-Chk2) Chk2. We show that the high heterogeneity of Chk2 levels in cancer cells is primarily due
to its inactivation (owing to low gene expression, alternative splicing, point mutations, copy-number alterations and premature truncation) or reduction
of protein levels. Moreover, we observe that a significant percentage of cancer cells (12% of the NCI-60 and HeLa cells) show high endogenous
Chk2 activation, which is always associated with p53 inactivation, and which is accompanied by downregulation of the Fanconi anemia and homologous recombination pathways.
We also report the presence of activated Chk2 (pT68-Chk2) along with histone ?-H2AX in centrosomes.
Oncogene advance online publication, 18 July 2011; doi:10.1038/onc.2011.283.
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